Name: Chemical Elements — Periodic Table
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Name	Symbol	Number	Period	Group	Block	Category	Phase	Atomic Mass	Density	Melt	Boil	Discovered By	Named By	Appearance	Electron Configuration Semantic	Electronegativity Pauling	Summary	Cpk Hex
Hydrogen	H	1	1	1	s	diatomic nonmetal	Gas	1.008	0.08988	13.99	20.271	Henry Cavendish	Antoine Lavoisier	colorless gas	1s1	2.2	Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the mos…	ffffff
Helium	He	2	1	18	s	noble gas	Gas	4.0026022	0.1786	0.95	4.222	Pierre Janssen		colorless gas, exhibiting a red-orange glow when placed in a high-voltage electric field	1s2		Helium is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boili…	d9ffff
Lithium	Li	3	2	1	s	alkali metal	Solid	6.94	0.534	453.65	1603	Johan August Arfwedson		silvery-white	[He] 2s1	0.98	Lithium (from Greek:λίθος lithos, "stone") is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. Unde…	cc80ff
Beryllium	Be	4	2	2	s	alkaline earth metal	Solid	9.01218315	1.85	1560	2742	Louis Nicolas Vauquelin		white-gray metallic	[He] 2s2	1.57	Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is created through stellar nucleosynthesis and is a relatively rare element in the universe. It is a divalent element which occur…	c2ff00
Boron	B	5	2	13	p	metalloid	Solid	10.81	2.08	2349	4200	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac		black-brown	[He] 2s2 2p1	2.04	Boron is a metalloid chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5. Produced entirely by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in…	ffb5b5
Carbon	C	6	2	14	p	polyatomic nonmetal	Solid	12.011	1.821			Ancient Egypt			[He] 2s2 2p2	2.55	Carbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the…	909090
Nitrogen	N	7	2	15	p	diatomic nonmetal	Gas	14.007	1.251	63.15	77.355	Daniel Rutherford	Jean-Antoine Chaptal	colorless gas, liquid or solid	[He] 2s2 2p3	3.04	Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas. Nitrogen is a common element in the…	3050f8
Oxygen	O	8	2	16	p	diatomic nonmetal	Gas	15.999	1.429	54.36	90.188	Carl Wilhelm Scheele	Antoine Lavoisier		[He] 2s2 2p4	3.44	Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms com…	ff0d0d
Fluorine	F	9	2	17	p	diatomic nonmetal	Gas	18.9984031636	1.696	53.48	85.03	André-Marie Ampère	Humphry Davy		[He] 2s2 2p5	3.98	Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative e…	90e050
Neon	Ne	10	2	18	p	noble gas	Gas	20.17976	0.9002	24.56	27.104	Morris Travers		colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in a high voltage electric field	[He] 2s2 2p6		Neon is a chemical element with symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is in group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, wit…	b3e3f5
Sodium	Na	11	3	1	s	alkali metal	Solid	22.989769282	0.968	370.944	1156.09	Humphry Davy		silvery white metallic	[Ne] 3s1	0.93	Sodium /ˈsoʊdiəm/ is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Ancient Greek Νάτριο) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silver-white, highly reactive metal. In the Periodic table it is in column 1 (alk…	ab5cf2
Magnesium	Mg	12	3	2	s	alkaline earth metal	Solid	24.305	1.738	923	1363	Joseph Black		shiny grey solid	[Ne] 3s2	1.31	Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (Group 2, or alka…	8aff00
Aluminium	Al	13	3	13	p	post-transition metal	Solid	26.98153857	2.7	933.47	2743		Humphry Davy	silvery gray metallic	[Ne] 3s2 3p1	1.61	Aluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the t…	bfa6a6
Silicon	Si	14	3	14	p	metalloid	Solid	28.085	2.329	1687	3538	Jöns Jacob Berzelius	Thomas Thomson (chemist)	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces	[Ne] 3s2 3p2	1.9	Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon'…	f0c8a0
Phosphorus	P	15	3	15	p	polyatomic nonmetal	Solid	30.9737619985	1.823			Hennig Brand		colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black	[Ne] 3s2 3p3	2.19	Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus…	ff8000
Sulfur	S	16	3	16	p	polyatomic nonmetal	Solid	32.06	2.07	388.36	717.8	Ancient china		lemon yellow sintered microcrystals	[Ne] 3s2 3p4	2.58	Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octat…	ffff30
Chlorine	Cl	17	3	17	p	diatomic nonmetal	Gas	35.45	3.2	171.6	239.11	Carl Wilhelm Scheele		pale yellow-green gas	[Ne] 3s2 3p5	3.16	Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. It also has a relative atomic mass of 35.5. Chlorine is in the halogen group (17) and is the second lightest halogen following fluor…	1ff01f
Argon	Ar	18	3	18	p	noble gas	Gas	39.9481	1.784	83.81	87.302	Lord Rayleigh		colorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in a high voltage electric field	[Ne] 3s2 3p6		Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9,…	80d1e3
Potassium	K	19	4	1	s	alkali metal	Solid	39.09831	0.862	336.7	1032	Humphry Davy		silvery gray	[Ar] 4s1	0.82	Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (derived from Neo-Latin, kalium) and atomic number 19. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name is derived. In the Peri…	8f40d4
Calcium	Ca	20	4	2	s	alkaline earth metal	Solid	40.0784	1.55	1115	1757	Humphry Davy			[Ar] 4s2	1	Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. The ion Ca2+ is also the fifth…	3dff00
Scandium	Sc	21	4	3	d	transition metal	Solid	44.9559085	2.985	1814	3109	Lars Fredrik Nilson		silvery white	[Ar] 3d1 4s2	1.36	Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttri…	e6e6e6
Titanium	Ti	22	4	4	d	transition metal	Solid	47.8671	4.506	1941	3560	William Gregor	Martin Heinrich Klaproth	silvery grey-white metallic	[Ar] 3d2 4s2	1.54	Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea wat…	bfc2c7
Vanadium	V	23	4	5	d	transition metal	Solid	50.94151	6	2183	3680	Andrés Manuel del Río	Isotopes of vanadium	blue-silver-grey metal	[Ar] 3d3 4s2	1.63	Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature,…	a6a6ab
Chromium	Cr	24	4	6	d	transition metal	Solid	51.99616	7.19	2180	2944	Louis Nicolas Vauquelin		silvery metallic	[Ar] 3d5 4s1	1.66	Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which takes a high polish, resists tarnish…	8a99c7
Manganese	Mn	25	4	7	d	transition metal	Solid	54.9380443	7.21	1519	2334	Torbern Olof Bergman		silvery metallic	[Ar] 3d5 4s2	1.55	Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal…	9c7ac7
Iron	Fe	26	4	8	d	transition metal	Solid	55.8452	7.874	1811	3134	5000 BC		lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge	[Ar] 3d6 4s2	1.83	Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin:ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth'…	e06633
Cobalt	Co	27	4	9	d	transition metal	Solid	58.9331944	8.9	1768	3200	Georg Brandt		hard lustrous gray metal	[Ar] 3d7 4s2	1.88	Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt in the Earth's crust is found only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural…	f090a0
Nickel	Ni	28	4	10	d	transition metal	Solid	58.69344	8.908	1728	3003	Axel Fredrik Cronstedt		lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge	[Ar] 3d8 4s2	1.91	Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.	50d050
Copper	Cu	29	4	11	d	transition metal	Solid	63.5463	8.96	1357.77	2835	Middle East		red-orange metallic luster	[Ar] 3d10 4s1	1.9	Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin:cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed su…	c88033
Zinc	Zn	30	4	12	d	transition metal	Solid	65.382	7.14	692.68	1180	India		silver-gray	[Ar] 3d10 4s2	1.65	Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to mag…	7d80b0
Gallium	Ga	31	4	13	p	post-transition metal	Solid	69.7231	5.91	302.9146	2673	Lecoq de Boisbaudran		silver-white	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1	1.81	Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in free form in nature, but as the gallium(III) compounds that are in trace amounts in zinc ores and…	c28f8f
Germanium	Ge	32	4	14	p	metalloid	Solid	72.6308	5.323	1211.4	3106	Clemens Winkler		grayish-white	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2	2.01	Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Pur…	668f8f
Arsenic	As	33	4	15	p	metalloid	Solid	74.9215956	5.727			Bronze Age		metallic grey	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3	2.18	Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a me…	bd80e3
Selenium	Se	34	4	16	p	polyatomic nonmetal	Solid	78.9718	4.81	494	958	Jöns Jakob Berzelius		black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4	2.55	Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur…	ffa100
Bromine	Br	35	4	17	p	diatomic nonmetal	Liquid	79.904	3.1028	265.8	332	Antoine Jérôme Balard			[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5	2.96	Bromine (from Ancient Greek:βρῶμος, brómos, meaning "stench") is a chemical element with symbol Br, and atomic number 35. It is a halogen. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl…	a62929
Krypton	Kr	36	4	18	p	noble gas	Gas	83.7982	3.749	115.78	119.93	William Ramsay		colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6	3	Krypton (from Greek:κρυπτός kryptos "the hidden one") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless nob…	5cb8d1
Rubidium	Rb	37	5	1	s	alkali metal	Solid	85.46783	1.532	312.45	961	Robert Bunsen		grey white	[Kr] 5s1	0.82	Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is…	702eb0
Strontium	Sr	38	5	2	s	alkaline earth metal	Solid	87.621	2.64	1050	1650	William Cruickshank (chemist)			[Kr] 5s2	0.95	Strontium is a chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The met…	00ff00
Yttrium	Y	39	5	3	d	transition metal	Solid	88.905842	4.472	1799	3203	Johan Gadolin		silvery white	[Kr] 4d1 5s2	1.22	Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth elem…	94ffff
Zirconium	Zr	40	5	4	d	transition metal	Solid	91.2242	6.52	2128	4650	Martin Heinrich Klaproth		silvery white	[Kr] 4d2 5s2	1.33	Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes f…	94e0e0
Niobium	Nb	41	5	5	d	transition metal	Solid	92.906372	8.57	2750	5017	Charles Hatchett		gray metallic, bluish when oxidized	[Kr] 4d4 5s1	1.6	Niobium, formerly columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the…	73c2c9
Molybdenum	Mo	42	5	6	d	transition metal	Solid	95.951	10.28	2896	4912	Carl Wilhelm Scheele		gray metallic	[Kr] 4d5 5s1	2.16	Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek Μόλυβδος molybdos, meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead…	54b5b5
Technetium	Tc	43	5	7	d	transition metal	Solid	98	11	2430	4538	Emilio Segrè		shiny gray metal	[Kr] 4d5 5s2	1.9	Technetium (/tɛkˈniːʃiəm/) is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43. It is the element with the lowest atomic number in the periodic table that has no stable isotopes:every form of it…	3b9e9e
Ruthenium	Ru	44	5	8	d	transition metal	Solid	101.072	12.45	2607	4423	Karl Ernst Claus		silvery white metallic	[Kr] 4d7 5s1	2.2	Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, r…	248f8f
Rhodium	Rh	45	5	9	d	transition metal	Solid	102.905502	12.41	2237	3968	William Hyde Wollaston		silvery white metallic	[Kr] 4d8 5s1	2.28	Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert transition metal. It is a member of the platinum group.	0a7d8c
Palladium	Pd	46	5	10	d	transition metal	Solid	106.421	12.023	1828.05	3236	William Hyde Wollaston		silvery white	[Kr] 4d10	2.2	Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas,…	006985
Silver	Ag	47	5	11	d	transition metal	Solid	107.86822	10.49	1234.93	2435	unknown, before 5000 BC		lustrous white metal	[Kr] 4d10 5s1	1.93	Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (Greek:άργυρος árguros, Latin:argentum, both from the Indo-European root *h₂erǵ- for "grey" or "shining") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous tran…	c0c0c0
Cadmium	Cd	48	5	12	d	transition metal	Solid	112.4144	8.65	594.22	1040	Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann	Isotopes of cadmium	silvery bluish-gray metallic	[Kr] 4d10 5s2	1.69	Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefe…	ffd98f
Indium	In	49	5	13	p	post-transition metal	Solid	114.8181	7.31	429.7485	2345	Ferdinand Reich		silvery lustrous gray	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1	1.78	Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metallic element that is rare in Earth's crust. The metal is very soft, malleable and easily fusible, with a m…	a67573
Tin	Sn	50	5	14	p	post-transition metal	Solid	118.7107	7.365	505.08	2875	unknown, before 3500 BC		silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2	1.96	Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin:stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring g…	668080
Antimony	Sb	51	5	15	p	metalloid	Solid	121.7601	6.697	903.78	1908	unknown, before 3000 BC		silvery lustrous gray	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3	2.05	Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compo…	9e63b5
Tellurium	Te	52	5	16	p	metalloid	Solid	127.603	6.24	722.66	1261	Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein			[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4	2.1	Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur.	d47a00
Iodine	I	53	5	17	p	diatomic nonmetal	Solid	126.904473	4.933	386.85	457.4	Bernard Courtois		lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5	2.66	Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is from Greek ἰοειδής ioeidēs, meaning violet or purple, due to the color of iodine vapor. Iodine and its compounds are primar…	940094
Xenon	Xe	54	5	18	p	noble gas	Gas	131.2936	5.894	161.4	165.051	William Ramsay		colorless gas, exhibiting a blue glow when placed in a high voltage electric field	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6	2.6	Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas, that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, xe…	429eb0
Cesium	Cs	55	6	1	s	alkali metal	Solid	132.905451966	1.93	301.7	944	Robert Bunsen		silvery gold	[Xe] 6s1	0.79	Caesium or cesium is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 °C (82 °F), which makes it one of only five elemental me…	57178f
Barium	Ba	56	6	2	s	alkaline earth metal	Solid	137.3277	3.51	1000	2118	Carl Wilhelm Scheele			[Xe] 6s2	0.89	Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity barium is ne…	00c900
Lanthanum	La	57	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	138.905477	6.162	1193	3737	Carl Gustaf Mosander		silvery white	[Xe] 5d16s2	1.1	Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metallic chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57. It tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It gave i…	70d4ff
Cerium	Ce	58	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	140.1161	6.77	1068	3716	Martin Heinrich Klaproth		silvery white	[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2	1.12	Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after t…	ffffc7
Praseodymium	Pr	59	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	140.907662	6.77	1208	3403	Carl Auer von Welsbach		grayish white	[Xe] 4f3 6s2	1.13	Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the lanthanide group. It is valued for its magnetic, electrical,…	d9ffc7
Neodymium	Nd	60	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	144.2423	7.01	1297	3347	Carl Auer von Welsbach		silvery white	[Xe] 4f4 6s2	1.14	Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.	c7ffc7
Promethium	Pm	61	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	145	7.26	1315	3273	Chien Shiung Wu	Isotopes of promethium	metallic	[Xe] 4f5 6s2	1.13	Promethium, originally prometheum, is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is one of only two such elements that are followed in the peri…	a3ffc7
Samarium	Sm	62	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	150.362	7.52	1345	2173	Lecoq de Boisbaudran		silvery white	[Xe] 4f6 6s2	1.17	Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usuall…	8fffc7
Europium	Eu	63	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	151.9641	5.264	1099	1802	Eugène-Anatole Demarçay			[Xe] 4f7 6s2	1.2	Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in…	61ffc7
Gadolinium	Gd	64	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	157.253	7.9	1585	3273	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac		silvery white	[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2	1.2	Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form.	45ffc7
Terbium	Tb	65	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	158.925352	8.23	1629	3396	Carl Gustaf Mosander		silvery white	[Xe] 4f9 6s2	1.1	Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Terbium is never found in n…	30ffc7
Dysprosium	Dy	66	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	162.5001	8.54	1680	2840	Lecoq de Boisbaudran		silvery white	[Xe] 4f10 6s2	1.22	Dysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is…	1fffc7
Holmium	Ho	67	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	164.930332	8.79	1734	2873	Marc Delafontaine		silvery white	[Xe] 4f11 6s2	1.23	Holmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare earth element. Holmium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve.	00ff9c
Erbium	Er	68	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	167.2593	9.066	1802	3141	Carl Gustaf Mosander		silvery white	[Xe] 4f12 6s2	1.24	Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combinati…	00e675
Thulium	Tm	69	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	168.934222	9.32	1818	2223	Per Teodor Cleve		silvery gray	[Xe] 4f13 6s2	1.25	Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common o…	00d452
Ytterbium	Yb	70	6	3	f	lanthanide	Solid	173.0451	6.9	1097	1469	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac			[Xe] 4f14 6s2	1.1	Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxida…	00bf38
Lutetium	Lu	71	6	3	d	lanthanide	Solid	174.96681	9.841	1925	3675	Georges Urbain		silvery white	[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2	1.27	Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry, but not in moist air. It is considered the first element of the 6th-per…	00ab24
Hafnium	Hf	72	6	4	d	transition metal	Solid	178.492	13.31	2506	4876	Dirk Coster		steel gray	[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2	1.3	Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. It…	4dc2ff
Tantalum	Ta	73	6	5	d	transition metal	Solid	180.947882	16.69	3290	5731	Anders Gustaf Ekeberg		gray blue	[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2	1.5	Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, its name comes from Tantalus, an antihero from Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray,…	4da6ff
Tungsten	W	74	6	6	d	transition metal	Solid	183.841	19.25	3695	6203	Carl Wilhelm Scheele		grayish white, lustrous	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2	2.36	Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W and atomic number 74. The word tungsten comes from the Swedish language tung sten, which directly translates to heavy stone. Its na…	2194d6
Rhenium	Re	75	6	7	d	transition metal	Solid	186.2071	21.02	3459	5869	Masataka Ogawa	Walter Noddack	silvery-grayish	[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2	1.9	Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of…	267dab
Osmium	Os	76	6	8	d	transition metal	Solid	190.233	22.59	3306	5285	Smithson Tennant		silvery, blue cast	[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2	2.2	Osmium (from Greek osme (ὀσμή) meaning "smell") is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a…	266696
Iridium	Ir	77	6	9	d	transition metal	Solid	192.2173	22.56	2719	4403	Smithson Tennant		silvery white	[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2	2.2	Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second dense…	175487
Platinum	Pt	78	6	10	d	transition metal	Solid	195.0849	21.45	2041.4	4098	Antonio de Ulloa		silvery white	[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1	2.28	Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, gray-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish te…	d0d0e0
Gold	Au	79	6	11	d	transition metal	Solid	196.9665695	19.3	1337.33	3243	Middle East		metallic yellow	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1	2.54	Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, go…	ffd123
Mercury	Hg	80	6	12	d	transition metal	Liquid	200.5923	13.534	234.321	629.88	unknown, before 2000 BCE		silvery	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2	2	Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum (/haɪˈdrɑːrdʒərəm/). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury…	b8b8d0
Thallium	Tl	81	6	13	p	post-transition metal	Solid	204.38	11.85	577	1746	William Crookes		silvery white	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1	1.62	Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. When isolated, it resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air…	a6544d
Lead	Pb	82	6	14	p	post-transition metal	Solid	207.21	11.34	600.61	2022	Middle East		metallic gray	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2	1.87	Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-w…	575961
Bismuth	Bi	83	6	15	p	post-transition metal	Solid	208.980401	9.78	544.7	1837	Claude François Geoffroy		lustrous silver	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3	2.02	Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, altho…	9e4fb5
Polonium	Po	84	6	16	p	post-transition metal	Solid	209	9.196	527	1235	Pierre Curie		silvery	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4	2	Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemi…	ab5c00
Astatine	At	85	6	17	p	metalloid	Solid	210	6.35	575	610	Dale R. Corson		unknown, probably metallic	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5	2.2	Astatine is a very rare radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. All its isotopes are short-l…	754f45
Radon	Rn	86	6	18	p	noble gas	Gas	222	9.73	202	211.5	Friedrich Ernst Dorn		colorless gas, occasionally glows green or red in discharge tubes	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6	2.2	Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as a decay product of radium. Its most stable isotop…	428296
Francium	Fr	87	7	1	s	alkali metal	Solid	223	1.87	300	950	Marguerite Perey			[Rn] 7s1	0.79	Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It used to be known as eka-caesium and actinium K. It is the second-least electronegative element, behind only caesium. Francium is…	420066
Radium	Ra	88	7	2	s	alkaline earth metal	Solid	226	5.5	1233	2010	Pierre Curie		silvery white metallic	[Rn] 7s2	0.9	Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure radium is almost colorless, bu…	007d00
Actinium	Ac	89	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	227	10	1500	3500	Friedrich Oskar Giesel			[Rn] 6d1 7s2	1.1	Actinium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Ac (not to be confused with the abbreviation for an acetyl group) and atomic number 89, which was discovered in 1899. It was the first non-primor…	70abfa
Thorium	Th	90	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	232.03774	11.724	2023	5061	Jöns Jakob Berzelius		silvery, often with black tarnish	[Rn] 6d2 7s2	1.3	Thorium is a chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90. A radioactive actinide metal, thorium is one of only two significantly radioactive elements that still occur naturally in large quant…	00baff
Protactinium	Pa	91	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	231.035882	15.37	1841	4300	William Crookes	Otto Hahn	bright, silvery metallic luster	[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2	1.5	Protactinium is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical c…	00a1ff
Uranium	U	92	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	238.028913	19.1	1405.3	4404	Martin Heinrich Klaproth			[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2	1.38	Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 a…	008fff
Neptunium	Np	93	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	237	20.45	912	4447	Edwin McMillan		silvery metallic	[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2	1.36	Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive actinide metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element. Its position in the periodic table just after uranium, na…	0080ff
Plutonium	Pu	94	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	244	19.816	912.5	3505	Glenn T. Seaborg		silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air	[Rn] 5f6 7s2	1.28	Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coa…	006bff
Americium	Am	95	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	243	12	1449	2880	Glenn T. Seaborg		silvery white	[Rn] 5f7 7s2	1.13	Americium is a radioactive transuranic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95. This member of the actinide series is located in the periodic table under the lanthanide element europium,…	545cf2
Curium	Cm	96	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	247	13.51	1613	3383	Glenn T. Seaborg		silvery metallic, glows purple in the dark	[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2	1.28	Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie – both were known for their researc…	785ce3
Berkelium	Bk	97	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	247	14.78	1259	2900	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory		silvery	[Rn] 5f9 7s2	1.3	Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, Cal…	8a4fe3
Californium	Cf	98	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	251	15.1	1173	1743	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory		silvery	[Rn] 5f10 7s2	1.3	Californium is a radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first made in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, by bomb…	a136d4
Einsteinium	Es	99	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	252	8.84	1133	1269	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory		silver-colored	[Rn] 5f11 7s2	1.3	Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99. It is the seventh transuranic element, and an actinide. Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hyd…	b31fd4
Fermium	Fm	100	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	257		1800		Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory			[Rn] 5f12 7s2	1.3	Fermium is a synthetic element with symbol Fm and atomic number 100. It is a member of the actinide series. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, an…	b31fba
Mendelevium	Md	101	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	258		1100		Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory			[Rn] 5f13 7s2	1.3	Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currentl…	b30da6
Nobelium	No	102	7	3	f	actinide	Solid	259		1100		Joint Institute for Nuclear Research			[Rn] 5f14 7s2	1.3	Nobelium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol No and atomic number 102. It is named in honor of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and benefactor of science. A radioactive metal, it is the…	bd0d87
Lawrencium	Lr	103	7	3	d	actinide	Solid	266		1900		Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory			[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1	1.3	Lawrencium is a synthetic chemical element with chemical symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and atomic number 103. It is named in honor of Ernest Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron, a device that was used to di…	c70066
Rutherfordium	Rf	104	7	4	d	transition metal	Solid	267	23.2	2400	5800	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research			[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2		Rutherfordium is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named in honor of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but i…	cc0059
Dubnium	Db	105	7	5	d	transition metal	Solid	268	29.3			Joint Institute for Nuclear Research			*[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2		Dubnium is a chemical element with symbol Db and atomic number 105. It is named after the town of Dubna in Russia (north of Moscow), where it was first produced. It is a synthetic element (an element…	d1004f
Seaborgium	Sg	106	7	6	d	transition metal	Solid	269	35			Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory			*[Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2		Seaborgium is a synthetic element with symbol Sg and atomic number 106. Its most stable isotope 271Sg has a half-life of 1.9 minutes. A more recently discovered isotope 269Sg has a potentially slightl…	d90045
Bohrium	Bh	107	7	7	d	transition metal	Solid	270	37.1			Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung			*[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2		Bohrium is a chemical element with symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not…	e00038
Hassium	Hs	108	7	8	d	transition metal	Solid	269	40.7	126		Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung			*[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2		Hassium is a chemical element with symbol Hs and atomic number 108, named after the German state of Hesse. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in…	e6002e
Meitnerium	Mt	109	7	9	d	unknown, probably transition metal	Solid	278	37.4			Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung			*[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2		Meitnerium is a chemical element with symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature that can be created in a laboratory). The most s…	eb0026
Darmstadtium	Ds	110	7	10	d	unknown, probably transition metal	Solid	281	34.8			Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung			*[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1		Darmstadtium is a chemical element with symbol Ds and atomic number 110. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The most stable known isotope, darmstadtium-281, has a half-life of approxima…
Roentgenium	Rg	111	7	11	d	unknown, probably transition metal	Solid	282	28.7			Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung			*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1		Roentgenium is a chemical element with symbol Rg and atomic number 111. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature); th…
Copernicium	Cn	112	7	12	d	transition metal	Liquid	285	14		3570	Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung			*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2		Copernicium is a chemical element with symbol Cn and atomic number 112. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element that can only be created in a laboratory. The most stable known isotope, copern…
Nihonium	Nh	113	7	13	p	unknown, probably transition metal	Solid	286	16	700	1430	RIKEN			*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1		Nihonium is a chemical element with atomic number 113. It has a symbol Nh. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and is extremely radioa…
Flerovium	Fl	114	7	14	p	post-transition metal	Solid	289	14	340	420	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research			*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2		Flerovium is a superheavy artificial chemical element with symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The element is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclea…
Moscovium	Mc	115	7	15	p	unknown, probably post-transition metal	Solid	289	13.5	670	1400	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research			*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3		Moscovium is the name of a synthetic superheavy element in the periodic table that has the symbol Mc and has the atomic number 115. It is an extremely radioactive element; its most stable known isotop…
Livermorium	Lv	116	7	16	p	unknown, probably post-transition metal	Solid	293	12.9	709	1085	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research			*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4		Livermorium is a synthetic superheavy element with symbol Lv and atomic number 116. It is an extremely radioactive element that has only been created in the laboratory and has not been observed in nat…
Tennessine	Ts	117	7	17	p	unknown, probably metalloid	Solid	294	7.17	723	883	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research			*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5		Tennessine is a superheavy artificial chemical element with an atomic number of 117 and a symbol of Ts. Also known as eka-astatine or element 117, it is the second-heaviest known element and penultima…
Oganesson	Og	118	7	18	p	unknown, predicted to be noble gas	Solid	294	4.95		350	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research			*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6		Oganesson is IUPAC's name for the transactinide element with the atomic number 118 and element symbol Og. It is also known as eka-radon or element 118, and on the periodic table of the elements it is…
Ununennium	Uue	119	8	1	s	unknown, but predicted to be an alkali metal	Solid	315	3		630	GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research			*[Uuo] 8s1		Ununennium, also known as eka-francium or simply element 119, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Uue and atomic number 119. Ununennium and Uue are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and…